Posted on by Abe Austin

Scriptural Analysis- Exodus 26:7-11

7 And thou shalt make curtains of goats’ hair to be a covering upon the tabernacle: eleven curtains shalt thou make.

8 The length of one curtain shall be thirty cubits, and the breadth of one curtain four cubits: and the eleven curtains shall be all of one measure.

9 And thou shalt couple five curtains by themselves, and six curtains by themselves, and shalt double the sixth curtain in the forefront of the tabernacle.

10 And thou shalt make fifty loops on the edge of the one curtain that is outmost in the coupling, and fifty loops in the edge of the curtain which coupleth the second.

11 And thou shalt make fifty taches of brass, and put the taches into the loops, and couple the tent together, that it may be one.

We now move on to the second set of curtains. There are many similarities between this and the first, but also some notable differences. The first curtains were made of linen, which is made from the flax plant. This curtain is to be made from the hair of goats. If we take a peek ahead, the next layers will be made of rams skins and then badgers skins. Thus we have a progression from plant, to hair, to skin; the layers are becoming more animal as they go. What is more, they are becoming more wild. The linen is artificially woven by man, the goat’s hair grows on the beast, and the skins are obviously a result of an animal’s death. Also, the ram is a domesticated sheep, whereas the badger is a wild creature and unclean for the Israelites to eat, ergo more wild.

Another difference is that the individual curtains are longer than the previous. They are thirty cubits long as opposed to twenty-eight. Also there are eleven of them, and they are paired into two groups of five and six, as opposed to the ten linen curtains paired into five and five. Thus, these goat’s skin curtains, when combined together, are both longer and wider than the others, which makes sense given that it will be overlaying the first.

As with the first set of curtains, these are to have loops made in the long edge of both halves, and then those loops connected by a series of taches or hooks. This time the taches would be made of brass, though, not gold as with the first set of curtains. This again shows how the outer layer is less refined and precious than the inner.

Note: It can be difficult to visualize some of the structures described in these verses. Here is an excellent and extremely focused series of animations that show the visual form of the temple and its instruments, built up verse-by-verse from the Exodus record: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpjohncRg94EZ55nJrbaKfi-lfeo3MFgl&si=6wm1J9Sdnu7LKYC_

Posted on by Abe Austin

Scriptural Analysis- Exodus 26:4-6

4 And thou shalt make loops of blue upon the edge of the one curtain from the selvedge in the coupling; and likewise shalt thou make in the uttermost edge of another curtain, in the coupling of the second.

5 Fifty loops shalt thou make in the one curtain, and fifty loops shalt thou make in the edge of the curtain that is in the coupling of the second; that the loops may take hold one of another.

6 And thou shalt make fifty taches of gold, and couple the curtains together with the taches: and it shall be one tabernacle.

From yesterday’s verses we heard the design of ten curtains, and how five of them would be joined together along their long edges to make one larger, almost-square curtain, and the same would be done for the other five.

These two halves would now need to be joined together, the manner of which being detailed in today’s verses. First, they would stitch loops of blue along both edges to be united, then there would be taches—which are two sided hooks—that could hold onto a loop from one curtain on one side, and the loop from the other curtain on the other side.

This, of course, this raises the question: if we were going to stitch five curtains together into a half, and five curtains together into another half, why not just stitch all ten together into a whole? Why depend on this less-permanent loop-and-hook system? I can see three reasons.

The first is that the two halves may have been more practical. We know that the Israelites moved many times during their wandering in the wilderness, and the tabernacle had to be disassembled, carried, and reassembled wherever they went. It may well be that rolling/folding and carrying two twenty-cubit by twenty-eight-cubit pieces of cloth was more manageable than a forty-cubit by twenty-eight-cubit piece of cloth.

The second is that there may have been some symbolism in the design. The joining of two in one brings to mind the union of God and man, held together in many places, each hook representing a promise, a covenant, a ritual, or a sacrifice that existed between the two. The visible split between the two also calls to mind the tear that would be made by the spear in Jesus’s side. I’m sure there are other symbolic interpretations that could be thought of as well.

The third comes from verse 33 in this chapter, in which we will hear that these taches were to rest above the inner veil that separated the holy place from the most holy place. Having a physical divide may have allowed for this outer curtain to have a holy portion and a most holy portion, in accordance with the rest of the interior.

Speaking of the placement of this joined curtain, its position in relation to the rest of the tabernacle is not specified in today’s verses. In the following passages we will hear of an almost-identical curtain, though, and that one we are explicitly was laid over the wood-and-gold framework of the tabernacle like a tent covering. It is assumed that it was therefore the same for this first covering, as that seems to be the only thing that its size matches up to.

Note: It can be difficult to visualize some of the structures described in these verses. Here is an excellent and extremely focused series of animations that show the visual form of the temple and its instruments, built up verse-by-verse from the Exodus record: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpjohncRg94EZ55nJrbaKfi-lfeo3MFgl&si=6wm1J9Sdnu7LKYC_

Posted on by Abe Austin

Scriptural Analysis- Exodus 26:1-3

1 Moreover thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet: with cherubims of cunning work shalt thou make them.

2 The length of one curtain shall be eight and twenty cubits, and the breadth of one curtain four cubits: and every one of the curtains shall have one measure.

3 The five curtains shall be coupled together one to another; and other five curtains shall be coupled one to another.

In later verses we will learn how the frame of the tabernacle was to be built, and that it would be covered with the curtains that are described in these verses. Each individual curtain would be a very long rectangle, 7 times as long as they were wide, which seems a symbolic ratio to me.

The construction of each curtain would be done with “fine twined linen,” meaning many separate strands of flax woven together, and they would be stitched with the pattern of a cherubim, which was to be an intricate, “cunning work.” Thus, there was to be complexity and multiplicity in this border, a unifying of separate strands to create both a functional and beautiful whole.

That unifying of separate parts continues as we are told that the ten curtains were to be joined together in two main parts. Five curtains for one part, five for the other. From the following verses we will be made to understand that each curtain would be joined to its neighbor along the long sides. Thus the two composite pieces would become twenty-eight cubits by twenty, nearly a square. How the five curtains would be joined together is not clear. Perhaps they were stitched together, permanently bound together as one after first being formed as individuals. By whatever method, though, the ten had become two.

Note: It can be difficult to visualize some of the structures described in these verses. Here is an excellent and extremely focused series of animations that show the visual form of the temple and its instruments, built up verse-by-verse from the Exodus record: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpjohncRg94EZ55nJrbaKfi-lfeo3MFgl&si=6wm1J9Sdnu7LKYC_

Posted on by Abe Austin

Scriptural Analysis- Exodus 26:1

1 Moreover thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet: with cherubims of cunning work shalt thou make them.

God is working from the inside out in His directions for the tabernacle. First He gave the testimony of Hebrew law, written upon the tablets of stone in the mountain. Those, He explained, were to be housed within the Ark of the Covenant, the first religious relic He described the fashion of. He went on to describe the table of shewbred, the menorah, and the lamps, which would be placed just outside the curtain where the ark resided. Now, in today’s verses, he goes further outward to describe the border of the tabernacle, which was to be defined by a series of curtains.

It seems to me that God is describing a body, whether that be the body of a man, or the body of a people. Looking at the design of the tabernacle, the written law reminds me of John’s pronouncement: “in the beginning was the Word,” meaning that first comes the idea, the concept, the Spirit of God, animating from within. Around that spiritual core are the instruments of ritual, the religious practices that keep the body connected to that inner spiritual core, that remind us of our center. Then, the outer layers, the skin that separate the spiritual from the outside world. The outer layer has one face pointed outward, one face pointing inward, a duality that allows one to navigate their surrounding domain while keeping the inner sacred sacred.

Let us keep that representation in mind as we examine the details of these curtains tomorrow.

Posted on by Abe Austin

The Control You Give to God

The control you give God over your life
When times are good
Is the control God has to save your life
When times are evil

Posted on by Abe Austin

The Narrowing of Privilege- Part Two

A Word Maligned)

With my last post I began my exploration of “privilege,” a word that has come to have a particularly negative connotation in recent years. I gave three definitions and uses of the word that defy that narrow connotation, though, showing three positive aspects of privilege. In short, those conceptions of privilege were:

  1. A joyful obligation
  2. The reward for hard labor
  3. A gift handed down by the honest labor of one’s forebearers

Today we will look at two more definitions of privilege, then finally conclude our analysis of the word.

Two More Forms of Privilege)

Fourth, each of us are born with certain advantages built into us, certain talents and proclivities that are innate within us, things that neither we nor our ancestors made happen for us, but which give us an advantage in life. It might be a girl born with a beautiful face, or a boy born with a sharply analytical mind. It might be a rich child with an unusually charitable disposition, or a poor child born with uncharacteristic determination. These are gifts that bestow opportunities beyond one’s first demographic.

Note that this still isn’t the sort of definition that is more and more commonly used as a pejorative in our society. For these are not systemic, socially-constructed advantages, but virtues given by God. They are gifts that we do not control the placement of, and which are sprinkled across all demographics and all walks of life.

Finally, with our fifth definition, we do come to the meaning of the word “privilege” that is intended to humble the proud. Some people have a privilege that is based upon no virtue, no effort, no obligation, and no gift from their forebearers. In every land and in every time, certain people have been exalted above others, giving them advantages for no other reason than their identification with a favored group. No population has been innocent of this sort of preferential treatment, and through the push and pull of society, the pendulum has swung to favor each side in turn. Though all may get their time in the light at one point or another, it isn’t fair that it is isolated to one type of people at a time.

Conclusion)

The main point that I wanted to call attention to is how “privilege” is a complex word, that is actively being pared down to only a fraction of its original meaning. It is becoming nothing more than an epithet, which makes us all dumber by removing our ability to have alternative and nuanced meanings.

Beware the trends that seek to flatten, twist, or erase words. The maligning of a language might seem an inconsequential thing, but our minds are in large part made up of the language we speak, and so it is our own selves who end up being flattened and twisted and erased.

As it stands, I’m grateful and proud for the vast majority of the privileges that I enjoy. I’m proud of the happy obligations I take on to provide for my family, and proud of the rewards I receive for my hard labor. I’m grateful for the gifts given to me by the sacrifices of my forebears, and grateful for the gifts God has seen fit to bestow upon me. The only privilege I feel askance towards is anytime I benefit absent any of the channels mentioned above, when I receive something just because I belong to some group identity.

I thank God that I at least have enough nuance left in me to tell the difference.

Posted on by Abe Austin

The Narrowing of Privilege- Part One

A Troubling Narrowness)

I was recently in a Sunday School class where the teacher asked for a definition of privilege. It was a surprising request, given that our Sunday School classes usually steer clear of social commentary. In any case, the definition that was ultimately given to us was that privilege means to have an unearned advantage.

This was a single passing moment, and I didn’t think too much about it at the time. In hindsight, though, I’ve realized that I don’t hold with that definition at all, and I believe it represents a troubling narrowing of the definitions we have for words. I call it a narrowing because the word “privilege” means several different things, and not all of them match the strictly negative connotation that modern society tries to limit it to. Today we will go through three valid applications of the word “privilege,” tomorrow we will cover two more, and then make our final analysis.

Three Forms of Privilege)

For example, as a husband and a father, I make great effort to provide and protect for my family. It is the primary function of my life to consecrate my time, effort, and resources to keeping those that I am responsible for fed, clothed, sheltered, enriched, and protected. If any of those under my care express gratitude for my sacrifice I have but one response: “it is my privilege.”

This is a common sentiment among fathers, and one that doesn’t line up at all with the idea of unearned advantage. Yes, I consider it a gift and a blessing that I get to provide for those that I love, but it isn’t like I am receiving this “privilege” at no cost to myself. From this definition, the word privilege means something along the lines of “a joyful obligation.”

A second definition of the word comes to mind when I think of my father-in-law, who built a successful company from scratch. I have heard stories of the many years and long nights spent getting a foothold in the industry, slowly but surely building a solid foundation that only yielded fruit far, far down the road. Now, decades later, my father-in-law is finally ready to retire, and selling his company has meant being wined and dined by prospective buyers who are eager to receive the keys to his little kingdom.

Does that wining and dining constitute a privilege? Absolutely. But is it a privilege that was unearned? Absolutely not. Yes, it is a reward that most people won’t attain in life, but it’s one he did the work to receive. What the word privilege means in this context is: the reward for labor.

A third definition of privilege takes place downstream of the “joyful obligation” and the “reward for labors” mentioned already. Many of us enjoy gifts and opportunities that we personally did nothing to earn, but which our forefathers sacrificed greatly for. My ancestors fought to make my country a free nation. They left their homes and crossed the plains to obtain religious freedom. They fought a war to bring liberty to all the people of this nation. They toiled before the sun and the furnace to grow crops and build infrastructure. They innovated and invented to create convenience and security. Did I earn all the benefits I now enjoy because of their labors? Absolutely not. But that doesn’t mean that they weren’t unearned!

A Complex Picture)

Here we have seen three definitions of privilege that have nothing to do with the more negative uses of the word. These definitions describe people who are dutiful, hard-working, and with a noble heritage. Tomorrow we will look at two more definitions, the last of which will acknowledge the more negative aspect of the word. It should already be clear that this word is much more nuanced and deep than modern rhetoric would have us believe.

Posted on by Abe Austin

Scriptural Analysis- Exodus 25:37-40

37 And thou shalt make the seven lamps thereof: and they shall light the lamps thereof, that they may give light over against it.

38 And the tongs thereof, and the snuffdishes thereof, shall be of pure gold.

39 Of a talent of pure gold shall he make it, with all these vessels.

40 And look that thou make them after their pattern, which was shewed thee in the mount.

The lamps mentioned in verse 37 were the top cup on each staff of the menorah. Once the design of the tabernacle and later temple were revealed, the necessity of this light would become apparent, as the holy place would be closed off, without any windows or direct sunlight.

Then there were the tongs and snuffdishes, which are assumed to be related to the care and maintenance of the lamps, perhaps to trim and collect the burned portions of the wick.

None of today’s items are described in detail, though verse 40 suggests that Moses was shown an appearance of them, which would allow him to relate their design afterwards. We are told, however, that they were all to be made from a talent of pure gold, which was the largest unit of measurement among the ancient Israelites. Thus, these instruments were to be made of a full measure, signifying a completeness and wholeness in their design.

Posted on by Abe Austin

Scriptural Analysis- Exodus 25:31-36

31 And thou shalt make a candlestick of pure gold: of beaten work shall the candlestick be made: his shaft, and his branches, his bowls, his knops, and his flowers, shall be of the same.

32 And six branches shall come out of the sides of it; three branches of the candlestick out of the one side, and three branches of the candlestick out of the other side:

33 Three bowls made like unto almonds, with a knop and a flower in one branch; and three bowls made like almonds in the other branch, with a knop and a flower: so in the six branches that come out of the candlestick.

34 And in the candlestick shall be four bowls made like unto almonds, with their knops and their flowers.

35 And there shall be a knop under two branches of the same, and a knop under two branches of the same, and a knop under two branches of the same, according to the six branches that proceed out of the candlestick.

36 Their knops and their branches shall be of the same: all it shall be one beaten work of pure gold.

We now hear the description for the temple menorah. As with the other temple instruments it is to be made of pure gold, and the manner of its fashioning is spelled out in explicit detail. It can be hard to follow in text form, but comparing the words to visual recreations of the temple menorah can help one to understand the design being given here. These words describe a central staff, with three pairings coming off of it, resulting in seven sections that are each composed of the decorative shapes here mentioned.

When reviewing modern day recreations, one will soon notice that the top oil-wells really do look like almonds and the bumps along each arm really do look like flowers. The word “knop” only means an ornamental knob, so that part is often depicted as a generic decorative element.

It is worth noting that the word “menorah” only means lamp, and there are different types of menorahs in the Jewish culture. Thus, not every image of a menorah might be a depiction of the temple menorah. The one that most people will encounter, the hanukkiah, is specific to the Hanukkah celebration and is totally separate from the temple menorah. As such, it will not follow the rules that apply to this temple menorah. As the temple menorah is only for use within the temple, and Israel currently has no temple, there is no actual, functioning temple menorah today, only illustrative recreations.

One final note is that there is clearly a lot of symbolization in the design of the menorah. Much has been made of numbering the different parts and assigning meaning to those figures. I do believe that God does not specify something so explicitly without purpose, and therefore I suspect that there are valid interpretations of those figures, but I do not know which interpretations those are. At the very least, I can say that the flowers and the knobs and the dividing structure bring to mind a living tree, flowering and bearing fruit, carrying the seed of life within. As such I would identify it with God, His living creations, and the nourishment He gives to preserve and develop that life.

Note: It can be difficult to visualize some of the structures described in these verses. Here is an excellent and extremely focused series of animations that show the visual form of the temple and its instruments, built up verse-by-verse from the Exodus record: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpjohncRg94EZ55nJrbaKfi-lfeo3MFgl&si=6wm1J9Sdnu7LKYC_