Posted on by Abe Austin

Scriptural Analysis- Exodus 26:36-37

36 And thou shalt make an hanging for the door of the tent, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, wrought with needlework.

37 And thou shalt make for the hanging five pillars of shittim wood, and overlay them with gold, and their hooks shall be of gold: and thou shalt cast five sockets of brass for them.

Yesterday we heard of the inner curtain, dividing the interior of the tabernacle into two rooms, now we hear about the outer curtain, which would divide the entire tabernacle from its surrounding courtyard. This door would follow the pattern of the inner curtain and the ceiling, made of fine-twined linen dyed blue, and purple, and scarlet. Thus, all the interior would be uniform.

This curtain would be hung from five pillars, as opposed to the four for the interior curtain. The odd number of pillars suggest that they were spaced evenly across the entrance, and not grouped together on either side with a single wide entryway in the middle. To me that suggests that the interior curtain was similarly broken up by each pillar. This would mean there would be four divisions to pass through the outer curtain, and three divisions to pass through the inner. Alternatively, some depictions assume the external curtain had two pillars grouped on each side, with one support pillar in the middle, creating two divisions, and no support pillar for the interior curtain, creating just one division there.

Another similarity between the exterior and interior curtains is that their pillars would be made of shittim wood overlaid with gold, with golden hooks to hold the curtains. The interior curtains, however, were said to have silver sockets at their base, just like the boards that made up the walls, whereas these external pillars are said to have sockets of brass. It’s a small change, but the use of less-valuable brass suggests that these pillars were to be seen as part of the outer courtyard, rather than part of the tabernacle. We will hear how brass was the chief metal used for the instruments and structures of the courtyard, which seems to correlate to that the place being less sanctified than the tabernacle.

Note: It can be difficult to visualize some of the structures described in these verses. Here is an excellent and extremely focused series of animations that show the visual form of the temple and its instruments, built up verse-by-verse from the Exodus record: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpjohncRg94EZ55nJrbaKfi-lfeo3MFgl&si=6wm1J9Sdnu7LKYC_

Posted on by Abe Austin

Scriptural Analysis- Exodus 26:34-35

34 And thou shalt put the mercy seat upon the ark of the testimony in the most holy place.

35 And thou shalt set the table without the veil, and the candlestick over against the table on the side of the tabernacle toward the south: and thou shalt put the table on the north side.

We have a brief two-verse interlude to describe the placement of the previously described instruments within the constructed tabernacle. The Ark of the Covenant is to go behind the curtain that divides the holy place from the most holy place and have its mercy seat affixed on top of it. Then the table of shewbread and the candlestick will be placed on the other side of the curtain.

When walking into the tabernacle, the priest will be on the eastern side, with the candlestick on his left hand (on the south side of the tabernacle) and the table of shewbread on his right hand (on the north side of the tabernacle). There may be some significance to that placement. The left hand has been traditionally associated with the conceptual, the creative, and the spiritual, which is better represented by the transcendent, immaterial quality of light. The right hand has been associated with order, structure, and certainty, which is better represented by the physical, deliberately-constructed quality of bread.

Even the shape of the candlestick with its odd angles and curves and the table with its squared corners and edges speaks to that duality of chaotic potential and ordered reality. Standing between them both would be the priest, representing man who has ever had a foot in both the conceptual and literal world. Opposite the man, and also resting between the conceptual and literal world, would be the veil and the Ark of the Covenant on the other side. This, of course, represents God. He is ahead of us, forward in the way that we want to go. To cross the tabernacle and reach him we must follow a straight path, keeping the conceptual left and the literal right in proper balance, which we will do so long as where we are walking is towards Him.

Posted on by Abe Austin

Scriptural Analysis- Exodus 26:31-33

31 And thou shalt make a veil of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen of cunning work: with cherubims shall it be made:

32 And thou shalt hang it upon four pillars of shittim wood overlaid with gold: their hooks shall be of gold, upon the four sockets of silver.

33 And thou shalt hang up the veil under the taches, that thou mayest bring in thither within the veil the ark of the testimony: and the veil shall divide unto you between the holy place and the most holy.

We go from the external structure of the tabernacle to internal. The veil being described in these verses would divide the interior of the tabernacle in two. Entering the front curtain (which we will get to shortly), the priest would enter a holy place, but it would be partitioned off from the most holy place by the second curtain which is described today.

This curtain was to be made of fine-twined linen that had been dyed blue, purple, and scarlet, and was to be decorated with cherubim needlework. This detail is exactly the same as what was said for the first layer of curtains that was laid over the top and sides of the tabernacle. That first blue-purple-scarlet linen layer would have been the only one visible from within, thus the ceiling and walls would all match this new dividing curtain.

Furthermore, verse 33 specifies that the position of this new wall-curtain was to be directly under the taches that divided the back half of the outer cover from the front half. I previously discussed possible meanings of those taches, and one of those was that they might have been were to there to provide a distinct separation in the ceiling from the holy place and the most holy. There would be no strand of cloth that ran from the walls and ceiling of the holy place into the walls and ceiling of the most holy place.

Note: It can be difficult to visualize some of the structures described in these verses. Here is an excellent and extremely focused series of animations that show the visual form of the temple and its instruments, built up verse-by-verse from the Exodus record: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpjohncRg94EZ55nJrbaKfi-lfeo3MFgl&si=6wm1J9Sdnu7LKYC_

Posted on by Abe Austin

Scriptural Analysis- Exodus 26:26-30

26 And thou shalt make bars of shittim wood; five for the boards of the one side of the tabernacle,

27 And five bars for the boards of the other side of the tabernacle, and five bars for the boards of the side of the tabernacle, for the two sides westward.

28 And the middle bar in the midst of the boards shall reach from end to end.

29 And thou shalt overlay the boards with gold, and make their rings of gold for places for the bars: and thou shalt overlay the bars with gold.

30 And thou shalt rear up the tabernacle according to the fashion thereof which was shewed thee in the mount.

Yesterday we heard how the rear corners would have couplings to help hold the separate walls together as one. There would need to be greater support however, as thus far all 48 boards are freestanding one next to the other, with nothing to stop them tipping over and falling.

Today’s verses address that by describing how rings would be put in the boards, through which long bars would be inserted. Five bars would be run through for each side, holding each wall together as one. Thus fifteen bars in all, to support three different walls.

Verse 28 mentions that the central bar would reach from one end to another, presumably meaning that it would run the full length of the wall. It is unclear whether the other bars would also run the full length of their walls, but it seems like that would be the most sturdy design.

With this we reach the end of the description for the exterior walls of the tabernacle, and in verse 30 we are once again told that Moses was shown the design of it all in the mountain, in addition to receiving the written description. The combination of both word and picture is a very powerful combination. Words are able to be much more technical and precise, detailing exact measurements and dimensions, but it is easy to get lost in the words and lose all context of what any of them mean. An image, on the other hand, may lack the specific measurements, but it provides an abiding context that puts all of the words in their proper place. The two methods of instruction combined create the greatest understanding.

Note: It can be difficult to visualize some of the structures described in these verses. Here is an excellent and extremely focused series of animations that show the visual form of the temple and its instruments, built up verse-by-verse from the Exodus record: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpjohncRg94EZ55nJrbaKfi-lfeo3MFgl&si=6wm1J9Sdnu7LKYC_

Posted on by Abe Austin

Scriptural Analysis- Exodus 26:22-25

22 And for the sides of the tabernacle westward thou shalt make six boards.

23 And two boards shalt thou make for the corners of the tabernacle in the two sides.

24 And they shall be coupled together beneath, and they shall be coupled together above the head of it unto one ring: thus shall it be for them both; they shall be for the two corners.

25 And they shall be eight boards, and their sockets of silver, sixteen sockets; two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board.

Yesterday we heard how the sides of the tabernacle would be formed by erecting twenty boards side-by-side, now we hear of the back of the tabernacle, on the West side, which was to be made of six main boards and two corner boards. It is not specified if there was anything unique about the corner boards. Perhaps they were not as wide as the others, or perhaps they were folded in ninety-degrees to form a corner, or perhaps they were laid at an angle between the back and the side of the tabernacle.

In any case, the width of the tabernacle seems to be, at most, eight boards at one-and-a-half cubits each, or 12 cubits in all. As mentioned yesterday, the length of the tabernacle was 30 cubits and the height was 10, so it was 2.5 times as long as it was wide, 3 times as long as it was tall and only slightly wider than it was tall.

The first curtain laid over the tabernacle was twenty-eight cubits long, and the second was thirty. Covering from the north side to the south side would be 10 cubits for the height of one wall, 10 cubits for the height of the other, and the 12 cubits mentioned for the width in today’s verses, coming to a total of 32 cubits, which would suggest that neither of the curtains could reach all the way from end-to-end. This might mean that the curtains ended in ropes and that were staked into the ground, or it might mean that the socketed parts of the boards were embedded in the ground, which would make all the walls shorter, which could then be covered by both layers of curtain.

One last point is how the corners are “coupled” together at the top and the bottom. This would suggest that there was some sort of fastener that would hold the north wall and the south wall to the back. This is the first we’ve heard of supporting elements to hold the tabernacle as one, but we will hear more of these elements in tomorrow’s verses.

Note: It can be difficult to visualize some of the structures described in these verses. Here is an excellent and extremely focused series of animations that show the visual form of the temple and its instruments, built up verse-by-verse from the Exodus record: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpjohncRg94EZ55nJrbaKfi-lfeo3MFgl&si=6wm1J9Sdnu7LKYC_

Posted on by Abe Austin

Scriptural Analysis- Exodus 26:18-21

18 And thou shalt make the boards for the tabernacle, twenty boards on the south side southward.

19 And thou shalt make forty sockets of silver under the twenty boards; two sockets under one board for his two tenons, and two sockets under another board for his two tenons.

20 And for the second side of the tabernacle on the north side there shall be twenty boards:

21 And their forty sockets of silver; two sockets under one board, and two sockets under another board.

Today we start to get the count of the boards. The tabernacle would have two long sides, which would face to the North and the South. They would each be comprised of 20 boards, each board was a cubit-and-a-half wide, so 30 cubits length in all, or approximately 45 feet.

The first layer of curtains we were told was to be made of ten parts, each four cubits wide, so forty cubits for the whole, which would be enough to cover the entire length of thirty cubits for the tabernacle and the ten cubits of height for the back wall. The second layer of curtains was made of eleven parts, so forty-four cubits for the whole, which would be enough to cover the top, the back, and have a little left over at the front to form a border around the entrance, as was described in those earlier verses.

Yesterday we also heard how each board would be forked into two tenons at the base, and today we hear that these would each be inserted into a double socket made of silver, providing a solid foundation for the structure.

Note: It can be difficult to visualize some of the structures described in these verses. Here is an excellent and extremely focused series of animations that show the visual form of the temple and its instruments, built up verse-by-verse from the Exodus record: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpjohncRg94EZ55nJrbaKfi-lfeo3MFgl&si=6wm1J9Sdnu7LKYC_

Posted on by Abe Austin

Scriptural Analysis- Exodus 26:15-17

15 And thou shalt make boards for the tabernacle of shittim wood standing up.

16 Ten cubits shall be the length of a board, and a cubit and a half shall be the breadth of one board.

17 Two tenons shall there be in one board, set in order one against another: thus shalt thou make for all the boards of the tabernacle.

We now discuss the body of the temple, the frame that the curtains will be laid over. The boards are to be constructed of the same shittim wood that is at the core of all the temple instruments.

This raises an interesting question. These boards were not of insignificant length: 10 cubits tall, which is approximately 15 feet. This means that to make a board of this length one needs a tree that grows straight and tall. The shittah tree can grow very tall, even over 60 feet, but it is known for having twisted and gnarled trunks. With careful selection, perhaps the Israelites were able to find angles in the tree from which sufficiently long boards could be extracted. Or perhaps they had to resort to special techniques to reshape curved portions, such as steam bending, or even they might have had to find ways to construct the boards from several composite parts, such as with scarf joints. I don’t actually know if the construction of these boards would have been a special challenge, but I wouldn’t be surprised if it required special thought and selection.

Whatever the process, they were to create dozens of boards that stood 10 cubits tall, a cubit-and-a-half wide, and each with “two tenons” at the bottom, which means the board was forked into two shafts at the base. As we will see in tomorrow’s verses, those forked ends would be perfect for inserting the boards into a solid foundation.

Note: It can be difficult to visualize some of the structures described in these verses. Here is an excellent and extremely focused series of animations that show the visual form of the temple and its instruments, built up verse-by-verse from the Exodus record: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpjohncRg94EZ55nJrbaKfi-lfeo3MFgl&si=6wm1J9Sdnu7LKYC_

Posted on by Abe Austin

Scriptural Analysis- Exodus 26:12-14

12 And the remnant that remaineth of the curtains of the tent, the half curtain that remaineth, shall hang over the backside of the tabernacle.

13 And a cubit on the one side, and a cubit on the other side of that which remaineth in the length of the curtains of the tent, it shall hang over the sides of the tabernacle on this side and on that side, to cover it.

14 And thou shalt make a covering for the tent of rams’ skins dyed red, and a covering above of badgers’ skins.

Today’s verses continue the description of the second layer of curtains that were to be laid over the top of the tabernacle, thickening its roof and outer walls. This second layer was to be larger than the first, and would have extra space to be laid over the back of the tabernacle and to form a border that would overhang the front and sides of the tabernacle’s entrance, at least that seems to be the intention being described in these verses.

Then, two more layers would follow: one of rams’ skins and one of badgers’ skins. The dimensions of these layers are not given, nor whether they were made of a single sheet, or two parts joined together as with the first two layers. In any case, we have four layers of covering and that is the last of them.

In tomorrow’s verses we will turn our attention to the structure over which all of these layers are being laid, the wood and metal frame that would give the structure its shape and strength.

Note: It can be difficult to visualize some of the structures described in these verses. Here is an excellent and extremely focused series of animations that show the visual form of the temple and its instruments, built up verse-by-verse from the Exodus record: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpjohncRg94EZ55nJrbaKfi-lfeo3MFgl&si=6wm1J9Sdnu7LKYC_

Posted on by Abe Austin

Scriptural Analysis- Exodus 26:7-11

7 And thou shalt make curtains of goats’ hair to be a covering upon the tabernacle: eleven curtains shalt thou make.

8 The length of one curtain shall be thirty cubits, and the breadth of one curtain four cubits: and the eleven curtains shall be all of one measure.

9 And thou shalt couple five curtains by themselves, and six curtains by themselves, and shalt double the sixth curtain in the forefront of the tabernacle.

10 And thou shalt make fifty loops on the edge of the one curtain that is outmost in the coupling, and fifty loops in the edge of the curtain which coupleth the second.

11 And thou shalt make fifty taches of brass, and put the taches into the loops, and couple the tent together, that it may be one.

We now move on to the second set of curtains. There are many similarities between this and the first, but also some notable differences. The first curtains were made of linen, which is made from the flax plant. This curtain is to be made from the hair of goats. If we take a peek ahead, the next layers will be made of rams skins and then badgers skins. Thus we have a progression from plant, to hair, to skin; the layers are becoming more animal as they go. What is more, they are becoming more wild. The linen is artificially woven by man, the goat’s hair grows on the beast, and the skins are obviously a result of an animal’s death. Also, the ram is a domesticated sheep, whereas the badger is a wild creature and unclean for the Israelites to eat, ergo more wild.

Another difference is that the individual curtains are longer than the previous. They are thirty cubits long as opposed to twenty-eight. Also there are eleven of them, and they are paired into two groups of five and six, as opposed to the ten linen curtains paired into five and five. Thus, these goat’s skin curtains, when combined together, are both longer and wider than the others, which makes sense given that it will be overlaying the first.

As with the first set of curtains, these are to have loops made in the long edge of both halves, and then those loops connected by a series of taches or hooks. This time the taches would be made of brass, though, not gold as with the first set of curtains. This again shows how the outer layer is less refined and precious than the inner.

Note: It can be difficult to visualize some of the structures described in these verses. Here is an excellent and extremely focused series of animations that show the visual form of the temple and its instruments, built up verse-by-verse from the Exodus record: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpjohncRg94EZ55nJrbaKfi-lfeo3MFgl&si=6wm1J9Sdnu7LKYC_

Posted on by Abe Austin

Scriptural Analysis- Exodus 26:4-6

4 And thou shalt make loops of blue upon the edge of the one curtain from the selvedge in the coupling; and likewise shalt thou make in the uttermost edge of another curtain, in the coupling of the second.

5 Fifty loops shalt thou make in the one curtain, and fifty loops shalt thou make in the edge of the curtain that is in the coupling of the second; that the loops may take hold one of another.

6 And thou shalt make fifty taches of gold, and couple the curtains together with the taches: and it shall be one tabernacle.

From yesterday’s verses we heard the design of ten curtains, and how five of them would be joined together along their long edges to make one larger, almost-square curtain, and the same would be done for the other five.

These two halves would now need to be joined together, the manner of which being detailed in today’s verses. First, they would stitch loops of blue along both edges to be united, then there would be taches—which are two sided hooks—that could hold onto a loop from one curtain on one side, and the loop from the other curtain on the other side.

This, of course, this raises the question: if we were going to stitch five curtains together into a half, and five curtains together into another half, why not just stitch all ten together into a whole? Why depend on this less-permanent loop-and-hook system? I can see three reasons.

The first is that the two halves may have been more practical. We know that the Israelites moved many times during their wandering in the wilderness, and the tabernacle had to be disassembled, carried, and reassembled wherever they went. It may well be that rolling/folding and carrying two twenty-cubit by twenty-eight-cubit pieces of cloth was more manageable than a forty-cubit by twenty-eight-cubit piece of cloth.

The second is that there may have been some symbolism in the design. The joining of two in one brings to mind the union of God and man, held together in many places, each hook representing a promise, a covenant, a ritual, or a sacrifice that existed between the two. The visible split between the two also calls to mind the tear that would be made by the spear in Jesus’s side. I’m sure there are other symbolic interpretations that could be thought of as well.

The third comes from verse 33 in this chapter, in which we will hear that these taches were to rest above the inner veil that separated the holy place from the most holy place. Having a physical divide may have allowed for this outer curtain to have a holy portion and a most holy portion, in accordance with the rest of the interior.

Speaking of the placement of this joined curtain, its position in relation to the rest of the tabernacle is not specified in today’s verses. In the following passages we will hear of an almost-identical curtain, though, and that one we are explicitly was laid over the wood-and-gold framework of the tabernacle like a tent covering. It is assumed that it was therefore the same for this first covering, as that seems to be the only thing that its size matches up to.

Note: It can be difficult to visualize some of the structures described in these verses. Here is an excellent and extremely focused series of animations that show the visual form of the temple and its instruments, built up verse-by-verse from the Exodus record: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpjohncRg94EZ55nJrbaKfi-lfeo3MFgl&si=6wm1J9Sdnu7LKYC_